conjunction exercise

Choose the correct conjunction.

1. I need to work hard                         since            so that            so            where            when            although            and            but            or                                                                 I can pass the exam.
2.                         Since            So that            So            Where            When            Although            And            But     Or           he was the best qualified party candidate, he didn't win the elections.
3.                         Since            So that            So            Where            When            Although            And            But     Or                             you come back from your trip, we'll meet to discuss the problem.
4. They said that the movie was fantastic,                         since            so that            so            where            when            although            and            but     or           I watched it.
5.                         Since            So that            So            Where            When            Although            And            But     Or                    he was very ill, he didn't take any medicine.
6. I don't know                         since            so that            so            where            when            although            and            but     or           I can buy a pair of jeans.
7. She went to the shops                           since            so that            so            where            when            although            and            but     or             couldn't find anything she liked.
8. Everybody likes him because he is nice                           since            so that            so            where            when            although            and            but     or             helpful.
9.                         Since            So that            So            Where            When            Although            And            But     Or           he was angry with her, he didn't utter a word.
10. Keep quiet                         since            so that            so            where            when            although            and            but     or           go out.

conjunction

Conjunction (grammar)

In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated conj or cnj) is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clausestogether. A discourse connective is a conjunction joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" must be defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical particle, and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.

The definition may also be extended to idiomatic phrases that behave as a unit with the same single-word conjunction (as well as,provided that, etc.).

Many students are taught that certain conjunctions (such as "and", "but", and "so") should not begin sentences, although authorities such as the Chicago Manual of Style state that this teaching has "no historical or grammatical foundation

Coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main clauses, or sentences. In English the mnemonic acronym FANBOYS can be used to remember the coordinators for, and,nor, but, or, yet, and so.^[2][3] These are not the only coordinating conjunctions; various others are used, including^{[4]:ch. 9[5]:p. 171} "and nor" (British), "but nor" (British), "or nor" (British), "neither" ("They don't gamble; neither do they smoke"), "no more" ("They don't gamble; no more do they smoke"), and "only" ("I would go, only I don't have time").

Here are some examples of coordinating conjunctions in English and what they do:

• For presents a reason ("He is gambling with his health, for he has been smoking far too long.").
• And presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) ("They gamble, and they smoke.").
• Nor presents a non-contrasting negative idea ("They do not gamble nor do they smoke.").
• But presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, but they don't smoke.").
• Or presents an alternative item or idea ("Every day they gamble or they smoke.").
• Yet presents a contrast or exception ("They gamble, yet they don't smoke.").
• So presents a consequence ("He gambled well last night so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.")

Correlative conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence. There are six different pairs of correlative conjunctions:

1. either...or
2. not only...but (also)
3. neither...nor (or increasingly neither...or)
4. both...and
5. whether...or
6. just as...so

Examples:

• You either do your work or prepare for a trip to the office.
• Not only is he handsome, but he is also brilliant.
• Neither the basketball team nor the football team is doing well.
• Both the cross country team and the swimming team are doing well.
• Whether you stay or you go, it's your decision.
• Just as Aussies love Aussie rules football, so many Canadians love ice hockey.

Exercise preposition

Preposition

Prepositions (or more generally, adpositions, see below) are a grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial relations (such as the English words in, under, toward) or serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles (such as the English words of, for).^[1] In that the primary function is relational, a preposition typically combines with another constituent (called its complement) to form a prepositional phrase, relating the complement to the context in which the phrase occurs.

The word preposition comes from Latin, a language in which such a word is usually placed before its complement. (Thus it is pre-positioned.) English is another such language. In many languages (e.g. Urdu, Turkish, Hindi, Korean and Japanese), the words with this grammatical function come after, not before, the complement. Such words are then commonly called postpositions. Similarly,circumpositions consist of two parts that appear on both sides of the complement. The technical term used to refer collectively to prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions is adposition. Some linguists use the word "preposition" instead of "adposition" for all three cases.^[2]

Some examples of English prepositions (marked as bold) as used in phrases are:

• as an adjunct (locative, temporal, etc.) to a {noun} (marked within curly brackets)
  • the {weather} in May
  • {cheese} from France with live bacteria
• as an adjunct (locative, temporal, etc.) to a {verb}
  • {sleep} throughout the winter
  • {danced} atop the tables for hours
• as an adjunct (locative, temporal, etc.) to an {adjective}
  • {happy} for them
  • {sick} until recently

More examples of prepositions sorted by complement are found in the section Classification by complement

Adpositions perform many of the same functions as case markings, but adpositions are syntactic elements, while case markings aremorphological elements.

Pronoun

In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a word or form that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form.

Pronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, although many modern theorists would not regard them as a single distinct word class, because of the variety of functions performed by words which are classed as pronouns. Common types include thepersonal pronouns, relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns andindefinite pronouns.

The use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on another referential element. This applies particularly to the (third-person) personal pronouns. The referent of the pronoun is often the same as that of a preceding (or sometimes following) noun phrase, called the antecedent of the pronoun. For example, in the sentence That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat, the antecedent of the pronoun he is the noun phrase that poor man. (Pronouns used without antecedents are sometimes called unprecursed pronouns.) Another type of antecedent is that found with relative pronouns, as in the woman who looked at you, where the woman is the antecedent of the relative pronoun who.

Types of pronouns

• Personal pronouns denote an entity of a specific grammatical person: first person (as in the case of I, me, we, etc.), second person (as in the case of you), or third person (he, she,they, etc.)
• Subject pronouns are used when the person or thing is the subject of the sentence or clause. English example: I like to eat chips, but she does not.
  • • Second person formal and informal pronouns (T-V distinction). For example, vous and tu in French. There is no distinction in modern English though Elizabethan English marked the distinction with "thou" (singular informal) and "you" (plural or singular formal).
    • Inclusive and exclusive "we" pronouns indicate whether the audience is included. There is no distinction in English.
    • Intensive pronouns, also known as emphatic pronouns, re-emphasize a noun or pronoun that has already been mentioned. English uses the same forms as the reflexive pronouns; for example: I did it myself (contrast reflexive use, I did it to myself).
  • Object pronouns are used when the person or thing is the object of the sentence or clause. English example: John likes mebut not her.
    • Direct and indirect object pronouns. English uses the same oblique form for both; for example: Mary loves him (direct object); Mary sent him a letter (indirect object).
    • Reflexive pronouns are used when a person or thing acts on itself. English example: John cut himself.
    • Reciprocal pronouns refer to a reciprocal relationship. English example: They do not like each other.
  • Prepositional pronouns come after a preposition. No distinct forms exist in English; for example: Anna and Maria looked athim.
  • Disjunctive pronouns are used in isolation or in certain other special grammatical contexts. No distinct forms exist in English; for example: Who does this belong to? Me.
  • Dummy pronouns are used when grammatical rules require a noun (or pronoun), but none is semantically required. English example: It is raining.
  • Weak pronouns.
• Possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession or ownership.
  • In a strict sense, the possessive pronouns are only those that act syntactically as nouns. English example: Those clothes aremine.
  • Often, though, the term "possessive pronoun" is also applied to the so-called possessive determiners (or possessive adjectives). For example, in English: I lost my wallet. They are not strictly speaking pronouns^{[citation needed]} because they do not substitute for a noun or noun phrase, and as such, some grammarians classify these terms in a separate lexical category called determiners (they have a syntactic role close to that of adjectives, always qualifying a noun).
• Demonstrative pronouns distinguish the particular objects or people that are referred to from other possible candidates. English example: I'll take these.
• Indefinite pronouns refer to general categories of people or things. English example: Anyone can do that.
  • Distributive pronouns are used to refer to members of a group separately rather than collectively. English example: To eachhis own.
  • Negative pronouns indicate the non-existence of people or things. English example: Nobody thinks that.
• Relative pronouns refer back to people or things previously mentioned. English example: People who smoke should quit now.
  • Indefinite relative pronouns have some of the properties of both relative pronouns and indefinite pronouns. They have a sense of "referring back", but the person or thing to which they refer has not previously been explicitly named. English example: I knowwhat I like.
• Interrogative pronouns ask which person or thing is meant. English example: Who did that?
  • In many languages (e.g., Czech, English, French, Interlingua, and Russian), the sets of relative and interrogative pronouns are nearly identical. Compare English: Who is that? (interrogative) to I know who that is. (relative).

[edit]Pronouns and determiners

Pronouns and determiners are closely related, and some linguists think pronouns are actually determiners without a noun or a noun phrase.^[1] The following chart shows their relationships in English.

	Pronoun	Determiner
Personal (1st/2nd)	we	we Scotsmen
Possessive	ours	our freedom
Demonstrative	this	this gentleman
Indefinite	some	some frogs
Interrogative	who	which option

exercise pronoun

Use the correct personal pronouns. Watch the words in brackets. Example: ___ often reads books. (Lisa) Answer: She often reads books.

1)  is dreaming. (George) 2)  is green. (the blackboard) 3)  are on the wall. (the posters) 4)  is running. (the dog) 5)  are watching TV. (my mother and I) 6)  are in the garden. (the flowers) 7)  is riding his bike. (Tom) 8)  is from Bristol. (Victoria) 9)  has got a brother. (Diana) 10) Have  got a computer, Mandy?

exercise comparison of adjective and adverb

• 
  exercise comparison of adjective and adverb
• 1. I am the ___ speaker in the class.
  best
  better
  bestest
  
• 2. Our teacher writes very ___.
  
  well
  best
  good
  
• 3. Of all the people I know, you study the ___.
  
  less
  least
  leastest
  
• 4. We think John is ___ than Bill.
  
  most nervous
  more nervous
  nervouser
  
• 5. Who is the ___ person you have ever spoken to?
  
  more intelligent
  most intelligent
  intelligentest
  
• 6. If I had to choose between Greg and Dan, Dan is ___
  
  the funniest
  funnier
  funny
  
• 7. This is ___
  
  harder
  most harder
  more harder
  
• 8. Of all three of you, she swims ___
  
  better
  best
  worse
  
• 9. Who is the ___ to succeed?
  
  least likely
  likely
  most like
  
• 10. Now I understand English ___
  
  best
  much better
  the better

comparison of adj. and adv.

Comparisons with adjectives and adverbs

Adjective – a word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun.

Adverb – a word that is used to modify an adjective, verb, or adverb.

There are three forms of adjectives and adverbs used to show varying degrees of comparison: the positive, the comparative, and the superlative.

The positive form is used when there is no direct comparison being made to anything specific, but is used to offer a broad or general comparison.

The comparative form is used when two things are being compared with each other.

The superlative form is used when more than two things are being compared with one another.

Regular forms for one and two syllable words.

positive – no change (big, strong, long, etc.)
comparative – words end in "er" (bigger, stronger, longer, etc.)
superlative – words end in "est" (biggest, strongest, longest, etc.)

Regular forms for three or more syllable words.

positive – no change (understandable, comfortable, etc.)
comparative – use "more" (more understandable, more comfortable, etc.)
superlative – use "most" (most understandable, most comfortable, etc.)

Adverbs that end in "ly" always use "more" or "most", such as "more quickly" or "most quickly"..

Remember that these are general rules and many adjectives and adverbs have irregular forms.

Have a go and see how you do!

exercise adjective

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION

1.   Generally, girls are ______ than boys. talkative more talkative most talkative     2.   Cricket is an ______game. exciting excitinger excitengest     3.    Arpita is looking _______ in this dress. gorgeous gorgeousest gorgeouser     4.    She has a very ______voice. sour bitter sweet     5.    Diamond is the _______natural material. hard harder hardest     6.    This exercise is quite ______ more simple most simple simple     7.    Rohan is a _______ boy. trustworthy trustworthier trustworthest     8.    The entire staff of the hotel we stayed at was very ________. friendly friendlier friendliest     9.    You are getting _____ all the time! gooder goodest better     10.    Your efforts to accomplish this project are _____! outstandinger outstandingest outstanding

adjective

Adjectives

Definition of Adjective

Adjectives are describing words. Large, grey and friendly are all examples of adjectives. In the examples below, these adjectives are used to describe an elephant.  

Examples:

 Large elephant
 

 Grey elephant

Adjectives Modify Nouns

The word elephant is a noun. Adjectives are added to nouns to state what kind, what colour, which one or how many. Adjectives are said to modify nouns and are necessary to make the meanings of sentences clearer or more exact.

Examples:

 Follow the yellow cab.
(In this example, the adjective 'yellow' modifies the noun 'cab'.)

Adjectives Modify Pronouns

Although less common, adjectives can also modify pronouns.

Examples:

 It is a blue one.
(In this example, the adjective 'blue' modifies the pronoun 'one'.)

Types of Adjectives

Following are the kinds of adjectives which are commonly used:

1. Adjectives of Quality:
   • Adjectives of Quality answer the question ‘Of what kind’
   • Examples : Large, Small, Intelligent, Beautiful
      
2. Adjectives of Quantity:
   • Adjectives of Quantity answer the question ‘How much’
   • Examples : Some, Little, Any, Enough 
      
3. Adjectives of Number:
   • Adjectives of Number answer the question ‘How many’
   • Examples : Two, Seven, Second, Third 
      
4. Demonstrative Adjectives:
   • Demonstrative Adjectives answer the question ‘Which’
   • Examples : This, That, These, Those 
      
5. Interrogative Adjectives:
   • Interrogative Adjectives are used to ask questions about a noun.
   • Examples : What, Which, Whose